Metal Recovery and Refining Systems
Metal recovery and refining systems represent the critical stage where intermediate products obtained after beneficiation are converted into final metal or commercial products. Hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical approaches are evaluated based on process requirements, target product specifications, and environmental criteria. Laboratory and pilot-scale studies are integrated to assess metal recovery efficiency, purity levels, and operational risks.
- Elution and regeneration systems
- Electrowinning (EW) systems
- Solvent extraction (SX) and SX–EW circuits
- Resin-based metal recovery systems (RIP / RIL)
- Doré production and casting systems
- Concentrate conditioning and pre-smelting preparation systems
- Metal purification and quality control equipment
